Dmg Pulmonary Plus The Volume

The forced vital capacity is the total volume of air exhaled during the maneuver; it is normally equal to the vital capacity.

Some patients have a history of exposure to irritating dusts or fumes.

The condition is treated by whole lung lavage with balanced salt solution; most patients need repeated lavage.

See Appendix 3-1.

Unoxygenated blood from the right ventricle flows through the right and left pulmonary arteries to the right and left lungs.

After entering the lungs, the branches subdivide, finally emerging as capillaries which surround the alveoli and release the carbon dioxide in exchange for a fresh supply of oxygen.

The capillaries unite gradually and assume the characteristics of veins.

These veins join to form the pulmonary veins, which return the oxygenated blood to the left atrium.

They are used to evaluate patients in the diagnosis of pulmonary disease, assessment of disease development, or evaluation of the risk of pulmonary complications from surgery.

The tidal volume (V T ) is the volume inhaled or exhaled in normal quiet breathing.

The inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) is the maximum volume that can be inhaled following a normal quiet inhalation.

The expiratory reserve volume (ERV) is the maximum volume that can be exhaled following a normal quiet exhalation.

The residual volume (RV) is the volume remaining in the lungs following a maximal exhalation.

The vital capacity (VC) is the maximum volume that can be exhaled following a maximal inhalation; VC IRV V T ERV.

The inspiratory capacity (IC) is the maximum volume that can be inhaled following a normal quiet exhalation; IC IRV V T.

The functional residual capacity (FRC) is the volume remaining in the lungs following a normal quiet exhalation; FRC ERV RV.

The vital capacity and its components are measured using a spirometer, which measures the volumes of air inhaled and exhaled.

The functional residual capacity is usually measured by the helium dilution method using a closed spirometry system.

A known amount of helium is introduced into the system at the end of a normal quiet exhalation.

Dmg Pulmonary Plus The Volume

When the helium equilibrates throughout the volume of the system, which is equal to the FRC plus the volume of the spirometer and tubing, the FRC is determined from the helium concentration.

This test may underestimate the FRC of patients with emphysema.

The FRC can be determined quickly and more accurately by body plethysmography.

The residual volume and total lung capacity are determined from the functional reserve capacity.

In the forced vital capacity maneuver, the patient exhales as forcefully and rapidly as possible, beginning at maximal exhalation.